سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب تفريع أبواب الطلاقDivorce (Kitab Al-Talaq)
باب فِي الظِّهَارِChapter: Regarding Az-Zihar.
Hadith 2213
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الْمَعْنَى ، قَالَا : حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَطَاءٍ ، قَالَ ابْنُ الْعَلَاءِ ابْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ عَيَّاشٍ : عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ صَخْرٍ ، قَالَ ابْنُ الْعَلَاءِ الْبَيَاضِيُّ ، قَالَ : كُنْتُ امْرَأً أُصِيبُ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ مَا لَا يُصِيبُ غَيْرِي ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ خِفْتُ أَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنَ امْرَأَتِي شَيْئًا يُتَابَعُ بِي حَتَّى أُصْبِحَ ، فَظَاهَرْتُ مِنْهَا حَتَّى يَنْسَلِخَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ ، فَبَيْنَمَا هِيَ تَخْدُمُنِي ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ إِذْ تَكَشَّفَ لِي مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ ، فَلَمْ أَلْبَثْ أَنْ نَزَوْتُ عَلَيْهَا ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحْتُ خَرَجْتُ إِلَى قَوْمِي فَأَخْبَرْتُهُمُ الْخَبَرَ ، وَقُلْتُ : امْشُوا مَعِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالُوا : لَا وَاللَّهِ ، فَانْطَلَقْتُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ ، فَقَالَ : " أَنْتَ بِذَاكَ يَا سَلَمَةُ " ، قُلْتُ : أَنَا بِذَاكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، مَرَّتَيْنِ ، وَأَنَا صَابِرٌ لِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ ، فَاحْكُمْ فِيَّ مَا أَرَاكَ اللَّهُ ، قَالَ : " حَرِّرْ رَقَبَةً " ، قُلْتُ : وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ مَا أَمْلِكُ رَقَبَةً غَيْرَهَا وَضَرَبْتُ صَفْحَةَ رَقَبَتِي ، قَالَ : " فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ " ، قَالَ : وَهَلْ أَصَبْتُ الَّذِي أَصَبْتُ إِلَّا مِنَ الصِّيَامِ ، قَالَ : " فَأَطْعِمْ وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ بَيْنَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا " ، قُلْتُ : وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ ، لَقَدْ بِتْنَا وَحْشَيْنِ مَا لَنَا طَعَامٌ ، قَالَ : " فَانْطَلِقْ إِلَى صَاحِبِ صَدَقَةِ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ فَلْيَدْفَعْهَا إِلَيْكَ ، فَأَطْعِمْ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَسْقًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ ، وَكُلْ أَنْتَ وَعِيَالُكَ بَقِيَّتَهَا " ، فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى قَوْمِي ، فَقُلْتُ : وَجَدْتُ عِنْدَكُمُ الضِّيقَ وَسُوءَ الرَّأْيِ وَوَجَدْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ السَّعَةَ وَحُسْنَ الرَّأْيِ ، وَقَدْ أَمَرَنِي ، أَوْ أَمَرَ لِي ، بِصَدَقَتِكُمْ ، زَادَ ابْنُ الْعَلَاءِ ، قَالَ ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ : بَيَاضَةُ بَطْنٌ مِنْ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ .
Narrated Salamah ibn Sakhr al-Bayadi: I was a man who was more given than others to sexual intercourse with women. When the month of Ramadan came, I feared lest I should have intercourse with my wife, and this evil should remain with me till the morning. So I made my wife like my mother's back to me till the end of Ramadan. But one night when she was waiting upon me, something of her was revealed. Suddenly I jumped upon her. When the morning came I went to my people and informed them about this matter. I said: Go along with me to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They said: No, by Allah. So I went to the Prophet (peace be upon him and informed him of the matter. He said: Have you really committed it, Salamah? I said: I committed it twice, Messenger of Allah. I am content with the Commandment of Allah, the Exalted; so take a decision about me according to what Allah has shown you. He said: Free a slave. I said: By Him Who sent you with truth, I do not possess a neck other than this: and I struck the surface of my neck. He said: Then fast two consecutive months. I said: Whatever I suffered is due to fasting. He said: Feed sixty poor people with a wasq of dates. I said: By Him Who sent you with truth, we passed the night hungry; there was no food in our house. He said: Then go to the collector of sadaqah of Banu Zurayq; he must give it to you. Then feed sixty poor people with a wasq of dates; and you and your family eat the remaining dates. Then I came back to my people, and said (to them): I found with you poverty and bad opinion; and I found with the Prophet ﷺ prosperity and good opinion. He has commanded me to give alms to you. Ibn al-Ala added: Ibn Idris said: Bayadah is a sub-clan of Banu Zurayq.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊
When faith (iman) becomes firmly established in the heart, the believer remains fearful of disobeying Allah. And if any mistake occurs, he immediately turns back to Allah. This is the very explanation of the saying that faith is between fear and hope (raja), and this incident is a splendid example of it.
➋
There are sixty sa’ (صاع) in one wasq (وسق), and in one sa’ there are four mudd (مد). According to this calculation, the weight of one sa’ is approximately two and a half kilograms, and the weight of one wasq is three mann and thirty kilograms, and according to some scholars, it is three mann and six kilograms.
➊
When faith (iman) becomes firmly established in the heart, the believer remains fearful of disobeying Allah. And if any mistake occurs, he immediately turns back to Allah. This is the very explanation of the saying that faith is between fear and hope (raja), and this incident is a splendid example of it.
➋
There are sixty sa’ (صاع) in one wasq (وسق), and in one sa’ there are four mudd (مد). According to this calculation, the weight of one sa’ is approximately two and a half kilograms, and the weight of one wasq is three mann and thirty kilograms, and according to some scholars, it is three mann and six kilograms.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2213
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
I said, "You are forbidden to me like the back of my mother,"
so that I could abstain from intercourse throughout Ramadan,
and the occasion for intercourse would not arise while in a state of fasting.
1:
I said, "You are forbidden to me like the back of my mother,"
so that I could abstain from intercourse throughout Ramadan,
and the occasion for intercourse would not arise while in a state of fasting.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 3299
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation:
1:
Zihar means saying to one's wife «أنتِ عَلَيّ کَظَہْر امِّي» ("You are to me like the back of my mother").
In the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), zihar was considered as divorce.
In the Ummah of Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), for the one who says this, only expiation (kaffarah) becomes obligatory.
And that is to free a slave.
If he does not have the ability to do so, then he must fast two consecutive months without interruption; if he breaks the fast in between without a valid Shar‘i excuse, then he must start the full two months of fasting anew.
A valid Shar‘i excuse refers to illness or travel.
And if he does not have the ability to fast two consecutive months, then he must feed sixty needy people.
1:
Zihar means saying to one's wife «أنتِ عَلَيّ کَظَہْر امِّي» ("You are to me like the back of my mother").
In the era of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), zihar was considered as divorce.
In the Ummah of Muhammad (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), for the one who says this, only expiation (kaffarah) becomes obligatory.
And that is to free a slave.
If he does not have the ability to do so, then he must fast two consecutive months without interruption; if he breaks the fast in between without a valid Shar‘i excuse, then he must start the full two months of fasting anew.
A valid Shar‘i excuse refers to illness or travel.
And if he does not have the ability to fast two consecutive months, then he must feed sixty needy people.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1198
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊
The mentioned narration has been declared weak in chain (sanadan da'if) by our esteemed researcher, whereas other scholars have declared it authentic due to supporting evidences.
For details, see: (Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 26/347, 350, and Irwa’ al-Ghalil: 7/176, 179, no. 2091)
Therefore, the mentioned narration is weak in chain but sound in meaning.
➋
The meaning of "zihar" is that a man says to his wife:
"You are to me like the back of my mother." Its meaning is that you are forbidden to me just as my mother is forbidden.
➌
Committing zihar is a sin, but it does not annul the marriage.
Only conjugal relations become prohibited until the expiation (kaffarah) is fulfilled.
➍
The expiation for this sin is that before resuming marital relations, a slave must be freed.
If this is not possible, then two consecutive months of fasting must be observed.
If this too is not possible, then sixty needy people must be fed one meal each.
➎
If a person becomes liable for expiation for any reason and is so poor that he cannot fulfill it, then Muslims should help him from charity and zakat so that he can fulfill the expiation.
➏
If zihar is done for a specified period, and conjugal relations are avoided during that period, then expiation will not be obligatory.
➐
If no period is mentioned in the zihar, then whenever the husband wishes to resume relations with his wife, it will be necessary to fulfill the expiation beforehand.
➊
The mentioned narration has been declared weak in chain (sanadan da'if) by our esteemed researcher, whereas other scholars have declared it authentic due to supporting evidences.
For details, see: (Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 26/347, 350, and Irwa’ al-Ghalil: 7/176, 179, no. 2091)
Therefore, the mentioned narration is weak in chain but sound in meaning.
➋
The meaning of "zihar" is that a man says to his wife:
"You are to me like the back of my mother." Its meaning is that you are forbidden to me just as my mother is forbidden.
➌
Committing zihar is a sin, but it does not annul the marriage.
Only conjugal relations become prohibited until the expiation (kaffarah) is fulfilled.
➍
The expiation for this sin is that before resuming marital relations, a slave must be freed.
If this is not possible, then two consecutive months of fasting must be observed.
If this too is not possible, then sixty needy people must be fed one meal each.
➎
If a person becomes liable for expiation for any reason and is so poor that he cannot fulfill it, then Muslims should help him from charity and zakat so that he can fulfill the expiation.
➏
If zihar is done for a specified period, and conjugal relations are avoided during that period, then expiation will not be obligatory.
➐
If no period is mentioned in the zihar, then whenever the husband wishes to resume relations with his wife, it will be necessary to fulfill the expiation beforehand.
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2062
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، الطلاق، باب في الظهار، حديث:2213، والترمذي، الطلاق واللعان، حديث:1200، وابن ماجه، الطلاق، حديث:2062، وأحمد:5 /436.»©Explanation:
The aforementioned narration has been declared weak in its chain (isnad) by our esteemed researcher, whereas other scholars have deemed it authentic due to supporting evidences (shawahid), and their opinion appears to be closer to correctness.
And Allah knows best.
Therefore, the aforementioned narration is weak in its chain but sound in meaning.
For further details, see: (Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 26/347, 350; Irwa’ al-Ghalil: 7/176, 179, no. 2091) © Hadith Narrator:
«حضرت سلمہ بن صخر رضی اللہ عنہ » His lineage is Salamah ibn Sakhr ibn Sulayman ibn Sammah al-Bayadi.
The “ba” in “Bayadi” has a fatha, and this is a nisbah (attribution) to Banu Bayadah, which was a branch of the Khazraj tribe.
This Companion of the Messenger (sahabi rasul) was among those noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) who wept much out of fear of Allah.
«أخرجه أبوداود، الطلاق، باب في الظهار، حديث:2213، والترمذي، الطلاق واللعان، حديث:1200، وابن ماجه، الطلاق، حديث:2062، وأحمد:5 /436.»©Explanation:
The aforementioned narration has been declared weak in its chain (isnad) by our esteemed researcher, whereas other scholars have deemed it authentic due to supporting evidences (shawahid), and their opinion appears to be closer to correctness.
And Allah knows best.
Therefore, the aforementioned narration is weak in its chain but sound in meaning.
For further details, see: (Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah Musnad al-Imam Ahmad: 26/347, 350; Irwa’ al-Ghalil: 7/176, 179, no. 2091) © Hadith Narrator:
«حضرت سلمہ بن صخر رضی اللہ عنہ » His lineage is Salamah ibn Sakhr ibn Sulayman ibn Sammah al-Bayadi.
The “ba” in “Bayadi” has a fatha, and this is a nisbah (attribution) to Banu Bayadah, which was a branch of the Khazraj tribe.
This Companion of the Messenger (sahabi rasul) was among those noble Companions (radi Allahu anhum) who wept much out of fear of Allah.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 935
