سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب النكاحMarriage (Kitab Al-Nikah)
باب فِي الْوَلِيِّChapter: Regarding The Guardian.
Hadith 2085
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ بْنِ أَعْيَنَ ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ الْحَدَّادُ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ ، وَإِسْرَائِيلَ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى ، أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ ، قَالَ : " لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُد : وَهُوَ يُونُسُ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ وَ إِسْرَائِيلُ ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ .
Narrated Abu Musa: The Prophet ﷺ said: There is no marriage without the permission of a guardian. Abu Dawud said: The narrator Yunus also transmitted on the authority of Abu Burdah, and Isra'il narrated from Abu Ishaq on the authority of Abu Burdah.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Dr. Abdur Rahman Freywai
Explanation: 1:
From this hadith, it is understood that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
According to the majority of scholars, for a marriage to be valid, the presence of a guardian (wali) and two witnesses is necessary.
By "wali" is meant the father.
In the absence of the father, then the grandfather, then the brother, then the paternal uncle is the wali.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, then preference will be given to the closer guardian, and if someone has no guardian, then the (Muslim) ruler will be his/her guardian.
And where there is no Muslim ruler, then the respected Muslims of the village will act as guardians.
From this hadith, it is understood that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
According to the majority of scholars, for a marriage to be valid, the presence of a guardian (wali) and two witnesses is necessary.
By "wali" is meant the father.
In the absence of the father, then the grandfather, then the brother, then the paternal uncle is the wali.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, then preference will be given to the closer guardian, and if someone has no guardian, then the (Muslim) ruler will be his/her guardian.
And where there is no Muslim ruler, then the respected Muslims of the village will act as guardians.
Source: Sunan al-Tirmidhi – Majlis ‘Ilmi Dar al-Da‘wah, New Delhi Edition, Page: 1101
Shaykh Safi ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri
Takhrij:
«أخرجه أبوداود، النكاح، باب في الولي، حديث:2085، والترمذي، النكاح، حديث:1101، وابن ماجه، النكاح، حديث:1881، والنسائي: لم أجده، وأحمد:4 /394، وانظر لا بطال التعليل نيل المقصود لراقم الحروف،والحمد لِلهِ، وحديث عمران بن حصين أخرجه أحمد: لم أجده، ومتن الحديث صحيح بالشواهد.»©Explanation:
➊ This hadith shows that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
➋ Around thirty Companions (radi Allahu anhum) have narrated this hadith, and some of its chains are authentic (sahih) while others are weak (da'if).
➌ The majority of scholars also hold the opinion that a marriage does not take place without a guardian (wali) and two witnesses.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, preference will be given to the closer guardian.
If there is no guardian at all, then the hadith states that the head of state is his/her guardian.
And if both guardians are of equal status and there is a disagreement between them, then in such a case, the ruler (hakim) will act as the guardian.
«أخرجه أبوداود، النكاح، باب في الولي، حديث:2085، والترمذي، النكاح، حديث:1101، وابن ماجه، النكاح، حديث:1881، والنسائي: لم أجده، وأحمد:4 /394، وانظر لا بطال التعليل نيل المقصود لراقم الحروف،والحمد لِلهِ، وحديث عمران بن حصين أخرجه أحمد: لم أجده، ومتن الحديث صحيح بالشواهد.»©Explanation:
➊ This hadith shows that a marriage (nikah) does not take place without the permission of a guardian (wali).
➋ Around thirty Companions (radi Allahu anhum) have narrated this hadith, and some of its chains are authentic (sahih) while others are weak (da'if).
➌ The majority of scholars also hold the opinion that a marriage does not take place without a guardian (wali) and two witnesses.
If someone has two guardians (awliya) and there is a disagreement at the time of marriage, preference will be given to the closer guardian.
If there is no guardian at all, then the hadith states that the head of state is his/her guardian.
And if both guardians are of equal status and there is a disagreement between them, then in such a case, the ruler (hakim) will act as the guardian.
Source: Bulugh al-Maram: Commentary by Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri, Page: 835
