سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب النكاحMarriage (Kitab Al-Nikah)
باب فِيمَنْ حَرَّمَ بِهِChapter: (About) Who Was Made Prohibited Through Adult Fosterage.
Hadith 2061
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ ، حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ ، حَدَّثَنِي يُونُسُ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، حَدَّثَنِي عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ ، أَنَّ أَبَا حُذَيْفَةَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ كَانَ تَبَنَّى سَالِمًا وَأَنْكَحَهُ ابْنَةَ أَخِيهِ هِنْدَ بِنْتَ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ ، وَهُوَ مَوْلًى لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ ، كَمَا تَبَنَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَيْدًا ، وَكَانَ مَنْ تَبَنَّى رَجُلًا فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ دَعَاهُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ وَوُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَهُ ، حَتَّى أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ : ادْعُوهُمْ لآبَائِهِمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ : فَإِخْوَانُكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَمَوَالِيكُمْ سورة الأحزاب آية 5 ، فَرُدُّوا إِلَى آبَائِهِمْ ، فَمَنْ لَمْ يُعْلَمْ لَهُ أَبٌ كَانَ مَوْلًى وَأَخًا فِي الدِّينِ ، فَجَاءَتْ سَهْلَةُ بِنْتُ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو الْقُرَشِيِّ ، ثُمَّ الْعَامِرِيِّ ، وَهِيَ امْرَأَةُ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ ، فَقَالَتْ : يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ، إِنَّا كُنَّا نَرَى سَالِمًا وَلَدًا ، وَكَانَ يَأْوِي مَعِي وَمَعَ أَبِي حُذَيْفَةَ فِي بَيْتٍ وَاحِدٍ ، وَيَرَانِي فُضْلًا ، وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمْ مَا قَدْ عَلِمْتَ ، فَكَيْفَ تَرَى فِيهِ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهَا النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " أَرْضِعِيهِ " ، فَأَرْضَعَتْهُ خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ ، فَكَانَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ وَلَدِهَا مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ ، فَبِذَلِكَ كَانَتْ عَائِشَةُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا تَأْمُرُ بَنَاتِ أَخَوَاتِهَا وَبَنَاتِ إِخْوَتِهَا أَنْ يُرْضِعْنَ مَنْ أَحَبَّتْ عَائِشَةُ أَنْ يَرَاهَا وَيَدْخُلَ عَلَيْهَا وَإِنْ كَانَ كَبِيرًا خَمْسَ رَضَعَاتٍ ، ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهَا ، وَأَبَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ وَسَائِرُ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُدْخِلْنَ عَلَيْهِنَّ بِتِلْكَ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَحَدًا مِنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى يَرْضَعَ فِي الْمَهْدِ ، وَقُلْنَ لِعَائِشَةَ : وَاللَّهِ مَا نَدْرِي ؟ لَعَلَّهَا كَانَتْ رُخْصَةً مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ لِسَالِمٍ دُونَ النَّاسِ .
Aishah wife of the Prophet ﷺ and Umm Salamah said “Abu Hudaifah bin ‘Utbah bin Rabiah bin Abd Shams adopted Salim as his son and married him to his niece Hind, daughter of Al Walid bin ‘Utbah bin Rabiah. He (Salim) was the freed slave of a woman from the Ansar (the Helpers) as the Messenger of Allah ﷺ adopted Zaid as his son. In pre Islamic days when anyone adopted a man as his son, the people called him by his name and he was given a share from his inheritance. Allaah, the Exalted, revealed about this matter “Call them by (the name of) their fathers, that is juster in the sight of Allaah. And if ye know not their fathers, then (they are) your brethren in the faith and your clients. They were then called by their names of their fathers. A man, whose father was not known, remained under the protection of someone and considered brother in faith. Sahlah daughter of Suhail bin Amr Al Quraishi then came and said Messenger of Allah ﷺ, we used to consider Salim (our) son. He dwelled with me and Abu Hudhaifah in the same house, and he saw me in the short clothes, but Allaah the Exalted, has revealed about them what you know, then what is your opinion about him? The Prophet ﷺ said give him your breast feed. She gave him five breast feeds. He then became like her foster son. Hence, Aishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) used to ask the daughters of her sisters and the daughters of her brethren to give him breast feed five times, whom Aishah wanted to see and who wanted to visit her. Though he might be of age; he then visited her. But Umm Salamah and all other wives of the Prophet ﷺ refused to allow anyone to visit them on the basis of such breast feeding unless one was given breast feed during infancy. They told Aishah by Allaah we do not know whether that was a special concession granted by the Prophet ﷺ to Salim exclusive of the people.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
Benefits and Issues:
➊ The teachings of the Noble Qur’an are unalterable and obligatory to act upon.
There is no room for questioning or objection in them except with the explanation and clarification of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) which has reached us through an authentic chain.
➋ According to the majority of scholars, breastfeeding after the age of two does not establish the prohibition of fosterage (hurmat al-rada‘ah), because the fosterage that establishes prohibition is that which occurs within the period of breastfeeding, which is two years, and there must be at least five feedings (rad‘at). (A feeding [rad‘ah] is when the child takes the breast into his mouth and suckles milk; as long as he continues to drink while the breast is in his mouth, this is considered one feeding, whether the duration is long or short.) And it must be such that it splits the intestines, meaning that the child’s nourishment is only milk, by which the child is raised and grows. However, Aisha (radi Allahu anha), al-Layth ibn Sa‘d, ‘Ata’, and the jurists of the Zahiri school are of the opinion that the prohibition of fosterage is established even after two years. Their evidence is the incident of Salim, but the other Mothers of the Believers state that this was specific to Salim, as is mentioned in this hadith.
Imam Ibn Taymiyyah and Shaykh Shawkani (rahimahullah) write regarding this hadith that, in general circumstances, it is not to be acted upon, but in certain specific and dire situations, there is allowance to act upon it.
➌ It is also established from this that covering the face is an essential part of hijab; otherwise, if covering were not necessary, then what need was there for such hesitation?
➍ See the meaning of (rad‘ah) in the chapter of “Dhil Bab.”
➊ The teachings of the Noble Qur’an are unalterable and obligatory to act upon.
There is no room for questioning or objection in them except with the explanation and clarification of the Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) which has reached us through an authentic chain.
➋ According to the majority of scholars, breastfeeding after the age of two does not establish the prohibition of fosterage (hurmat al-rada‘ah), because the fosterage that establishes prohibition is that which occurs within the period of breastfeeding, which is two years, and there must be at least five feedings (rad‘at). (A feeding [rad‘ah] is when the child takes the breast into his mouth and suckles milk; as long as he continues to drink while the breast is in his mouth, this is considered one feeding, whether the duration is long or short.) And it must be such that it splits the intestines, meaning that the child’s nourishment is only milk, by which the child is raised and grows. However, Aisha (radi Allahu anha), al-Layth ibn Sa‘d, ‘Ata’, and the jurists of the Zahiri school are of the opinion that the prohibition of fosterage is established even after two years. Their evidence is the incident of Salim, but the other Mothers of the Believers state that this was specific to Salim, as is mentioned in this hadith.
Imam Ibn Taymiyyah and Shaykh Shawkani (rahimahullah) write regarding this hadith that, in general circumstances, it is not to be acted upon, but in certain specific and dire situations, there is allowance to act upon it.
➌ It is also established from this that covering the face is an essential part of hijab; otherwise, if covering were not necessary, then what need was there for such hesitation?
➍ See the meaning of (rad‘ah) in the chapter of “Dhil Bab.”
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 2061
Shaykh Muhammad Ibrahim bin Basheer
Benefit:
This hadith discusses the issue of adult breastfeeding (riḍā‘at kabīr), which is now abrogated. Some have considered it a specific incident related only to Sālim. (Ikmāl al-Mu‘allim: 4/330; Fatḥ al-Bārī: 9/134) The age for establishing breastfeeding (riḍā‘ah) is up to two years; after this, if someone drinks milk, the breastfeeding relationship is not established. It is narrated from Sayyidah Umm Salamah radi Allahu anha that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: Only that breastfeeding establishes prohibition (of marriage) which opens the intestines (« وكـان قبـل الـفطام») and occurs before the weaning period (i.e., before the age of two years). (Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 1152, this hadith is authentic.)
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir radi Allahu anhu that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: «لا رضـاع بـعـد فصال ويتم بعد احتلام» (After the weaning period, breastfeeding does not establish the relationship, and after puberty, no one is considered an orphan.) (Al-Mu‘jam al-Ṣaghīr of al-Ṭabarānī: 2/158, this hadith is hasan.)
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhuma that «لا رضاع الا فى الحولين» (No breastfeeding is considered valid except that which occurs within two years.) (Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī: 4/173)
This hadith discusses the issue of adult breastfeeding (riḍā‘at kabīr), which is now abrogated. Some have considered it a specific incident related only to Sālim. (Ikmāl al-Mu‘allim: 4/330; Fatḥ al-Bārī: 9/134) The age for establishing breastfeeding (riḍā‘ah) is up to two years; after this, if someone drinks milk, the breastfeeding relationship is not established. It is narrated from Sayyidah Umm Salamah radi Allahu anha that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: Only that breastfeeding establishes prohibition (of marriage) which opens the intestines (« وكـان قبـل الـفطام») and occurs before the weaning period (i.e., before the age of two years). (Sunan al-Tirmidhi: 1152, this hadith is authentic.)
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Jabir radi Allahu anhu that the Noble Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: «لا رضـاع بـعـد فصال ويتم بعد احتلام» (After the weaning period, breastfeeding does not establish the relationship, and after puberty, no one is considered an orphan.) (Al-Mu‘jam al-Ṣaghīr of al-Ṭabarānī: 2/158, this hadith is hasan.)
It is narrated from Sayyiduna Ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhuma that «لا رضاع الا فى الحولين» (No breastfeeding is considered valid except that which occurs within two years.) (Sunan al-Dāraquṭnī: 4/173)
Source: Musnad al-Humaydi: Commentary by Muhammad Ibrahim bin Bashir, Page: 280
