Abu Dawud

(1) This incident could be from Ji‘irrana, because this ‘umrah took place in 8 AH after the conquest of Makkah. At that time, Mu‘awiyah (radi Allahu anhu) had already embraced Islam. Since the ‘umrah concludes at Marwah, therefore the shaving of the head (hajamat) would also be done there or in its vicinity, even though, according to the Shari‘ah, no specific place is designated for it.

(2) “With an arrow”: Long hair can be cut with an arrow. The hair can be placed on something and the arrow drawn over it from above. In the present era, various new methods are in vogue for this purpose. The main objective is to have the hair trimmed or shaved.

Hadith Commentary:
After performing the pillars of Hajj, the pilgrim must either shave his head or trim his hair; both options are permissible. However, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) supplicated for forgiveness three times for those who shaved and once for those who trimmed, from which it is understood that, with Allah, shaving the head at this occasion is more beloved.

In this narration, the statement of Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) is mentioned. There are differing opinions among the commentators regarding the timing of this event.
It is also said that this incident is not related to the Farewell Hajj (Hajjat al-Wada‘), and it is possible that it occurred before the Hijrah, because according to the accounts of the biographers, the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) also performed Hajj before the Hijrah.

Allamah Hafiz Ibn Hajar (rahimahullah) says:
وقد أخرج بن عساكر في تاريخ دمشق من ترجمة معاوية تصريح معاوية بأنه أسلم بين الحديبية والقضية وأنه كان يخفي إسلامه خوفا من أبويه وكان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لما دخل في عمرة القضية مكة خرج أكثر أهلها عنها حتى لا ينظرونه وأصحابه يطوفون بالبيت فلعل معاوية كان ممن تخلف بمكة لسبب اقتضاه ولا يعارضه أيضا قول سعد بن أبي وقاص فيما أخرجه مسلم وغيره فعلناها يعني العمرة في أشهر الحج وهذا يومئذ كافر بالعرش بضمتين يعني بيوت مكة يشير إلى معاوية لأنه يحمل على أنه أخبر بما استصحبه من حاله ولم يطلع على إسلامه لكونه كان يخفيه ويعكر على ما جوزوه أن تقصيره كان في عمرة الجعرانة أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ركب من الجعرانة بعد أن أحرم بعمرة ولم يستصحب أحدا معه إلا بعض أصحابه المهاجرين فقدم مكة فطاف وسعى وحلق ورجع إلى الجعرانة فأصبح بها كبائت فخفيت عمرته على كثير من الناس كذا أخرجه الترمذي وغيره ولم يعد معاوية فيمن صحبه حينئذ ولا كان معاوية فيمن تخلف عنه بمكة في غزوة حنين حتى يقال لعله وجده بمكة بل كان مع القوم وأعطاه مثل ما أعطى أباه من الغنيمة مع جملة المؤلفة وأخرج الحاكم في الإكليل في آخر قصة غزوة حنين أن الذي حلق رأسه صلى الله عليه وسلم في عمرته التي اعتمرها من الجعرانة أبو هند عبد بني بياضة فإن ثبت هذا وثبت أن معاوية كان حينئذ معه أو كان بمكة فقصر عنه بالمروة أمكن الجمع بأن يكون معاوية قصر عنه أولا وكان الحلاق غائبا في بعض حاجته ثم حضر فأمره أن يكمل إزالة الشعر بالحلق لأنه أفضل ففعل وإن ثبت أن ذلك كان في عمرة القضية وثبت أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم حلق فيها جاء هذا الاحتمال بعينه وحصل التوفيق بين الأخبار كلها وهذا مما فتح الله علي به في هذا الفتح ولله الحمد ثم لله الحمد أبدا.
(Fath al-Bari)

The summary of this passage is that Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) had accepted Islam between the year of Hudaybiyyah and the year of ‘Umrat al-Qada’, but he was concealing his Islam out of fear of his parents. During ‘Umrat al-Qada’, when the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and his companions were engaged in circumambulating the Ka‘bah, all the disbelievers of Makkah left the city so that they would not see the Muslims. On this occasion, it is possible that Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) remained in Makkah (and it is possible that the aforementioned incident is also related to this time).

And the statement of Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas (radi Allahu anhu), which Muslim has narrated, does not contradict this, in which it is mentioned that Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) was hiding on the roof of a house in Makkah during ‘Umrat al-Qada’.
This is because he was still concealing his Islam from his relatives. And the one who attributed this incident to the ‘Umrah of Ji‘irrana does not seem to be correct, because among the companions who were with the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) on that occasion, Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) is not counted. And during the Battle of Hunayn, he participated among the group of those whose hearts were to be reconciled (mu’allafah al-qulub) and received a share of the spoils along with his father.

At the end of the story of the Battle of Hunayn, al-Hakim has narrated that the one who shaved the head of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) on that occasion was a slave of Banu Bayadah named Abu Hind. If this is established, and it is also established that Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) was with him on that day or was present in Makkah, then it is possible that he first trimmed the hair of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) with scissors while the barber was absent for some need, and then when the barber arrived, he was instructed to complete the removal of the hair by shaving, because shaving is superior. And if this is established in ‘Umrat al-Qada’, where the shaving of the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) is also established, then this possibility is valid that on that occasion he performed this service.

This reconciliation between the various narrations has been achieved purely by the grace of Allah.
And to Allah belongs all praise.

Hadith Commentary:
(1)
In the narration from Abdullah ibn Umar radi Allahu anhu, it is explicitly stated that the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had his head shaved on the occasion of the Farewell Pilgrimage (Hajjat al-Wada’), and some of the noble Companions radi Allahu anhum had their hair shortened.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, al-Maghazi, Hadith: 4411)
On the occasion of the ‘Umrah of Ji‘ranah, Amir Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu trimmed the blessed hair of the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam with scissors, because it is established through multiple chains (tawatur) that during the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Prophet had his head shaved.
And Abu Talhah radi Allahu anhu distributed the blessed hair of the Prophet among the people.
As for the ‘Umrah of Qada’, which took place in the seventh year of Hijrah, Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu had not yet embraced Islam at that time; therefore, it must have been during the ‘Umrah of Ji‘ranah that he performed this service.

(2)
Hafiz Ibn Hajar rahimahullah has written that Amir Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu had embraced Islam between the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the ‘Umrah of Qada’, but he kept his Islam concealed out of fear of his parents. When the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam came to Makkah on the occasion of the ‘Umrah of Qada’, the people of Makkah vacated the city so that they would not see the Muslims performing tawaf of the Ka‘bah. It is possible that Amir Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu, for some reason, remained in Makkah at that time, and the opportunity to trim the Prophet’s hair arose under those circumstances.
And those who have related this incident to the ‘Umrah of Ji‘ranah are not correct, because among those who accompanied the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam at that time, Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu was not present. Furthermore, on that occasion, the one who shaved the Prophet’s head was a slave from Banu Bayadah named Abu Hind.
(Fath al-Bari: 3/713)
In any case, Imam Bukhari rahimahullah has established from these narrations that at the time of exiting the state of ihram, both shaving the head and shortening the hair are permissible.
And shaving is superior, because in it, all adornment is completely removed, and the pilgrim is commanded to abandon adornment, whereas in shortening the hair, some degree of adornment remains on the head.

Hadith Commentary: Benefits and Issues: When a person performs ‘umrah, he has his hair cut or shaved at Marwah. And during Hajj, the hair is cut or shaved at Mina. Therefore, from this incident of Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu, it is understood that this incident pertains to ‘umrah, whereas Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu used to prohibit Hajj tamattu‘ and Hajj qiran, and would command Hajj ifrad. That is why Ibn ‘Abbas radi Allahu anhu said, “This incident goes against you.” And the incident of Mu‘awiyah radi Allahu anhu is related to ‘Umrat al-Qada’ or the ‘umrah of Ji‘ranah, because after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, he had become a Muslim at heart, even though he openly declared Islam at the time of the Conquest of Makkah. And during the Farewell Hajj (Hajjat al-Wada‘), the hair of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam was distributed at Mina by Abu Talhah radi Allahu anhu, and the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam had his head shaved there.

1803. English Commentary:
➊ Muawiyah (radi Allahu anhu) performed this service not during Hajj, but rather on the occasion of the ‘Umrah of Ji‘irrana, as is explicitly stated in the narration of Sunan al-Nasa’i «فی عمرتة ». (Sunan al-Nasa’i, Manasik al-Hajj, Hadith: 2990). Therefore, the expression “on the occasion of Hajj” is either figurative or a mistake. And Allah knows best.
➋ After performing the Sa‘i between Safa and Marwah during ‘Umrah, a person becomes lawful (halal) by having his hair cut. For women, it is sufficient to cut a fingertip’s length from their hair.

Benefit:
The statement of Allah, the Exalted, is:
﴿ لَتَدْخُلُنَّ الْمَسْجِدَ الْحَرَامَ إِن شَاءَ اللَّهُ آمِنِينَ مُحَلِّقِينَ رُءُوسَكُمْ وَمُقَصِّرِينَ لَا تَخَافُونَ﴾ (Al-Fath: 27)
“You will surely enter al-Masjid al-Haram, if Allah wills, in security, with your heads shaved and hair shortened, not fearing anyone.”

After offering the sacrifice, one should shave the head. Sayyiduna Ibn Umar radi Allahu anhuma said: «حلق رسول الله فى حجته» “The Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam shaved his head during Hajj.” [صحيح البخاري : 1726] For details, see Bukhari (1726, 1730).

If one shaves the head before slaughtering the animal, this is also valid. «في حجته » [صحيح البخاري : 721]

Shaving the head after ‘Umrah is valid. [صحيح البخاري : 1731]

What if someone has no hair on his head? Imam Ibn al-Mundhir al-Naysaburi rahimahullah said: There is consensus that a bald person (during Hajj) will pass the razor over his head at the time of shaving. (Kitab al-Ijma‘: 198) So that the Sunnah is fully followed.