سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الزكاةZakat (Kitab Al-Zakat)
باب مَا تَجُوزُ فِيهِ الْمَسْأَلَةُChapter: Situations Where Begging Is Allowed And Where It Is Not Allowed.
Hadith 1641
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ ، أَخْبَرَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ ، عَنْ الْأَخْضَرِ بْنِ عَجْلَانَ ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَنَفِيِّ ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ أَتَى النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْأَلُهُ ، فَقَالَ : " أَمَا فِي بَيْتِكَ شَيْءٌ ؟ " قَالَ : بَلَى ، حِلْسٌ نَلْبَسُ بَعْضَهُ وَنَبْسُطُ بَعْضَهُ وَقَعْبٌ نَشْرَبُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْمَاءِ ، قَالَ : " ائْتِنِي بِهِمَا " ، قَالَ : فَأَتَاهُ بِهِمَا فَأَخَذَهُمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِيَدِهِ ، وَقَالَ : " مَنْ يَشْتَرِي هَذَيْنِ ؟ " قَالَ رَجُلٌ : أَنَا آخُذُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمٍ ، قَالَ : " مَنْ يَزِيدُ عَلَى دِرْهَمٍ " مَرَّتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثًا ، قَالَ رَجُلٌ : أَنَا آخُذُهُمَا بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ ، فَأَعْطَاهُمَا إِيَّاهُ وَأَخَذَ الدِّرْهَمَيْنِ وَأَعْطَاهُمَا الْأَنْصَارِيَّ ، وَقَالَ : " اشْتَرِ بِأَحَدِهِمَا طَعَامًا فَانْبِذْهُ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ وَاشْتَرِ بِالْآخَرِ قَدُومًا فَأْتِنِي بِهِ " ، فَأَتَاهُ بِهِ ، فَشَدَّ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عُودًا بِيَدِهِ ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ : " اذْهَبْ فَاحْتَطِبْ وَبِعْ وَلَا أَرَيَنَّكَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا " ، فَذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ يَحْتَطِبُ وَيَبِيعُ فَجَاءَ وَقَدْ أَصَابَ عَشْرَةَ دَرَاهِمَ فَاشْتَرَى بِبَعْضِهَا ثَوْبًا وَبِبَعْضِهَا طَعَامًا ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : " هَذَا خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ أَنْ تَجِيءَ الْمَسْأَلَةُ نُكْتَةً فِي وَجْهِكَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّ الْمَسْأَلَةَ لَا تَصْلُحُ إِلَّا لِثَلَاثَةٍ : لِذِي فَقْرٍ مُدْقِعٍ ، أَوْ لِذِي غُرْمٍ مُفْظِعٍ ، أَوْ لِذِي دَمٍ مُوجِعٍ " .
Narrated Anas ibn Malik: A man of the Ansar came to the Prophet ﷺ and begged from him. He (the Prophet) asked: Have you nothing in your house? He replied: Yes, a piece of cloth, a part of which we wear and a part of which we spread (on the ground), and a wooden bowl from which we drink water. He said: Bring them to me. He then brought these articles to him and he (the Prophet) took them in his hands and asked: Who will buy these? A man said: I shall buy them for one dirham. He said twice or thrice: Who will offer more than one dirham? A man said: I shall buy them for two dirhams. He gave these to him and took the two dirhams and, giving them to the Ansari, he said: Buy food with one of them and hand it to your family, and buy an axe and bring it to me. He then brought it to him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fixed a handle on it with his own hands and said: Go, gather firewood and sell it, and do not let me see you for a fortnight. The man went away and gathered firewood and sold it. When he had earned ten dirhams, he came to him and bought a garment with some of them and food with the others. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ then said: This is better for you than that begging should come as a spot on your face on the Day of Judgment. Begging is right only for three people: one who is in grinding poverty, one who is seriously in debt, or one who is responsible for compensation and finds it difficult to pay.
Related hadith on this topic
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
1641. English Commentary:
➊ The Islamic government and welfare organizations should present such programs through which people become skilled and gain employment.
➋ Scholars should clarify the virtue of labor and hard work, and explain the disgrace and humiliation of begging.
➌ It is in no way permissible for educated youth to insist, under all circumstances, on high government positions.
➍ There is no defect in dignified labor and hard work.
➎ Mentors should be broad-minded and farsighted. Allah has created people’s temperaments differently. For some, labor and self-sufficiency are necessary, while others are content and satisfied with frugality. Therefore, the best work should be taken from each according to their ability—for example, seeking knowledge of the Shari‘ah and its propagation, etc. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not instruct Abu Hurairah (radi Allahu anhu) to earn a livelihood through labor, unlike the person who came to ask (for charity).
➏ Sale by auction is permissible.
➊ The Islamic government and welfare organizations should present such programs through which people become skilled and gain employment.
➋ Scholars should clarify the virtue of labor and hard work, and explain the disgrace and humiliation of begging.
➌ It is in no way permissible for educated youth to insist, under all circumstances, on high government positions.
➍ There is no defect in dignified labor and hard work.
➎ Mentors should be broad-minded and farsighted. Allah has created people’s temperaments differently. For some, labor and self-sufficiency are necessary, while others are content and satisfied with frugality. Therefore, the best work should be taken from each according to their ability—for example, seeking knowledge of the Shari‘ah and its propagation, etc. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) did not instruct Abu Hurairah (radi Allahu anhu) to earn a livelihood through labor, unlike the person who came to ask (for charity).
➏ Sale by auction is permissible.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 1641
Maulana Ataullah Sajid
Benefits and Issues:
➊ As much as possible, it is necessary to earn a livelihood through hard work and to avoid begging. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “If a person brings a bundle of firewood on his back in the morning, and (with the money obtained by selling it) gives charity and becomes independent of people (by not asking them), this is better for him than asking from a (wealthy) person, whether he gives him something or not.” (Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: The Dislike of Asking from People, Hadith: 1042)
➋ If a person is able to avoid begging, yet still asks, then on the Day of Resurrection he will be punished. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “A man continues to ask from people until (the result will be that) he will come on the Day of Resurrection in such a state that there will be no flesh left on his face.” (Sahih Muslim, Hadith: 1040)
➌ A person afflicted by calamity may appeal for financial help, but making begging a profession is forbidden (haram). The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Asking is only permissible for one of three types of people: one who has taken a loan (to reconcile affairs between people) that exceeds his capacity—for him, asking is permissible until he obtains enough to repay it, then he should stop; one who is struck by a calamity that destroys all his wealth—for him, asking is permissible until he finds a means of livelihood (a source of income to fulfill his necessities); and one who is afflicted by poverty to such an extent that three wise (trustworthy) men from his people testify that so-and-so is truly suffering from poverty.” (Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: For Whom Asking is Permissible, Hadith: 1044)
➊ As much as possible, it is necessary to earn a livelihood through hard work and to avoid begging. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “If a person brings a bundle of firewood on his back in the morning, and (with the money obtained by selling it) gives charity and becomes independent of people (by not asking them), this is better for him than asking from a (wealthy) person, whether he gives him something or not.” (Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: The Dislike of Asking from People, Hadith: 1042)
➋ If a person is able to avoid begging, yet still asks, then on the Day of Resurrection he will be punished. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “A man continues to ask from people until (the result will be that) he will come on the Day of Resurrection in such a state that there will be no flesh left on his face.” (Sahih Muslim, Hadith: 1040)
➌ A person afflicted by calamity may appeal for financial help, but making begging a profession is forbidden (haram). The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said: “Asking is only permissible for one of three types of people: one who has taken a loan (to reconcile affairs between people) that exceeds his capacity—for him, asking is permissible until he obtains enough to repay it, then he should stop; one who is struck by a calamity that destroys all his wealth—for him, asking is permissible until he finds a means of livelihood (a source of income to fulfill his necessities); and one who is afflicted by poverty to such an extent that three wise (trustworthy) men from his people testify that so-and-so is truly suffering from poverty.” (Sahih Muslim, Zakat, Chapter: For Whom Asking is Permissible, Hadith: 1044)
Source: Commentary on Sunan Ibn Mājah by Mawlānā ‘Atā’ullāh Sājid, Page: 2198
