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سنن ابي داود
Abu Dawud
كتاب الزكاةZakat (Kitab Al-Zakat)
باب فِي زَكَاةِ السَّائِمَةِChapter: Zakat On Pasturing Animals.
Hadith 1570
اُردوEn
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ ، عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ ، قَالَ : هَذِهِ نُسْخَةُ كِتَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ الَّذِي كَتَبَهُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ ، وَهِيَ عِنْدَ آلُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ، قَالَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ : أَقْرَأَنِيهَا سَالِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَوَعَيْتُهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهَا ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي انْتَسَخَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، وَسَالِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ ، فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ ، قَالَ : " فَإِذَا كَانَتْ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ ثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا بِنْتَا لَبُونٍ وَحِقَّةٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ وَبِنْتُ لَبُونٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَأَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ خَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ حِقَاقٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَخَمْسِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا أَرْبَعُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ سَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ وَحِقَّةٌ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ ثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا حِقَّتَانِ وَابْنَتَا لَبُونٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ تِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةً فَفِيهَا ثَلَاثُ حِقَاقٍ وَبِنْتُ لَبُونٍ حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ تِسْعًا وَتِسْعِينَ وَمِائَةً ، فَإِذَا كَانَتْ مِائَتَيْنِ فَفِيهَا أَرْبَعُ حِقَاقٍ أَوْ خَمْسُ بَنَاتِ لَبُونٍ أَيُّ السِّنَّيْنِ وُجِدَتْ أُخِذَتْ وَفِي سَائِمَةِ الْغَنَمِ " ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ حُسَيْنٍ ، وَفِيهِ : " وَلَا يُؤْخَذُ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ هَرِمَةٌ ، وَلَا ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ ، وَلَا تَيْسُ الْغَنَمِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْمُصَدِّقُ " .
Ibn Shihab (Al Zuhri) said This is the copy of the letter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, which he had written about sadaqah (zakat). This was in the custody of the descendants of Umar bin Al Khattab. Ibn Shihab said Salim bin Abdallah bin Umar read it to me and I memorized it properly. Umar bin Abdul Aziz got it copied from Abdallah, Abdallah bin Umar and Salim bin Abdallah bin Umar. He (Ibn Shihab) then narrated the tradition like the former (i. e., up to one hundred and twenty camels). He further said if they (the camels) reach one hundred and twenty one to one hundred and twenty nine, three she camels in their third year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and thirty to one hundred and thirty nine, two she camels in their third year and one she Camel in her fourth year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and forty to one hundred and forty nine, two she camels in their fourth year and one she Camel in her third year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and fifty to one hundred and fifty nine, three she camels in their fourth year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and sixty to one hundred and sixty nine four she camels in their fourth year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and seventy to one hundred and seventy nine, three she camels in their third year and one she Camel in her fourth year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and eighty to one hundred and eighty nine, two she camels in their fourth year and two she Camel in their third year are to be given. When they reach one hundred and ninety to one hundred and ninety nine, three she camels in their fourth year and one she Camel in her third year are to be given. When they reach two hundred, four she camels in their fourth year or five she Camels in their third year, camels of whichever age are available, are to be accepted. For the pasturing goats, he narrated the tradition similar to that transmitted by Sufyan bin Husain. This version adds “An old goat, one with defect in the eye or a male goat is not to be accepted in sadaqah (zakat) unless the collector wishes. ”
Explanation & Benefits
Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi
1570. Commentary:
➊ The details of zakat on camels are according to the same principle that has already been mentioned in the previous hadith: “If they exceed one hundred and twenty, then (their shares should be divided) — for every fifty, one hiqqah, and for every forty, one bint labun, and the remainder is excused.”
➋ “Khalit” means partner, but some distinction has been made. Imam Malik says: When their wealth is distinct and separate from each other, then they are not considered khalit (but are partners), and when the shepherd, pasture, enclosure, and their male (breeding camel) are the same, then they are called khalit... In addition, it is also required that the amount of wealth of each one should also reach the nisab... Whereas Imam Shafi’i says that this is not necessary; rather, when the combined wealth reaches the nisab, they are considered khalit, even if one’s share is only a single goat.
➌ Combining wealth that is together or separating what is separate can be done for two purposes: to avoid zakat or to reduce its amount. For example, if sixty goats are separated, then there will be no zakat... Or, for two herds of fifty each, two goats would be due, but if they are combined, only one would be due, and thus one goat would be saved... This ruling applies to the owner, the shepherd, and the zakat collector alike, because it is possible that the collector may do this to benefit someone, or someone may devise a way to increase zakat; such actions are not permissible for anyone.
➊ The details of zakat on camels are according to the same principle that has already been mentioned in the previous hadith: “If they exceed one hundred and twenty, then (their shares should be divided) — for every fifty, one hiqqah, and for every forty, one bint labun, and the remainder is excused.”
➋ “Khalit” means partner, but some distinction has been made. Imam Malik says: When their wealth is distinct and separate from each other, then they are not considered khalit (but are partners), and when the shepherd, pasture, enclosure, and their male (breeding camel) are the same, then they are called khalit... In addition, it is also required that the amount of wealth of each one should also reach the nisab... Whereas Imam Shafi’i says that this is not necessary; rather, when the combined wealth reaches the nisab, they are considered khalit, even if one’s share is only a single goat.
➌ Combining wealth that is together or separating what is separate can be done for two purposes: to avoid zakat or to reduce its amount. For example, if sixty goats are separated, then there will be no zakat... Or, for two herds of fifty each, two goats would be due, but if they are combined, only one would be due, and thus one goat would be saved... This ruling applies to the owner, the shepherd, and the zakat collector alike, because it is possible that the collector may do this to benefit someone, or someone may devise a way to increase zakat; such actions are not permissible for anyone.
Source: Sunan Abu Dawood – Commentary by Shaykh Umar Farooq Saeedi, Page: 1570
